Electromagnetics

Seismic surveys are fundamental to subsurface mapping and can determine bedrock depth, identify faults and assess soil properties, while also enabling the calculation of engineering parameters such as Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio.

Electrical techniques are employed to assess the conductivity properties of the subsurface. These methods provide insights into soil composition, groundwater presence, and geological structures.

Magnetic surveys help map variations in the Earth’s magnetic field, aiding in identifying subsurface anomalies, such as different rock types, mineral deposits, or buried structures. These surveys are crucial for mineral exploration and environmental studies.

Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR) is a non-invasive and high-resolution method used to image subsurface structures and detect anomalies. It provides detailed two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of the subsurface, aiding in structural investigations, pavement assessments, and void detection.

Downhole imaging involves capturing images of the borehole walls and subsurface structures using Optical and Acoustic Televiewers (OTV & ATV) to assess geological characteristics, identify fractures, evaluate lithology, and provide a detailed understanding of the subsurface environment.

Wireline logging is the use of advanced technologies within the borehole to extract as much data as possible. This includes Gamma readings, in-situ P&S wave logging, fluid temperature and conductivity and more.